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- Which ruler first established his or her capital at Delhi?
Answer: The Tomara Rajputs were the first rulers to establish their capital at Delhi.
- What was the language of administration under the Delhi Sultans?
Answer: The language of administration under the Delhi Sultans was Persian.
- In whose reign did the Sultanate reach its farthest extent?
Answer: The Sultanate reached its farthest extent during the reign of Muhammad Tughluq.
- From which country did Ibn Battuta travel to India?
Answer: Ibn Battuta traveled to India from Morocco, Africa.
- According to the ‘circle of justice,’ why was it important for military commanders to keep the interests of the peasantry in mind?
Answer: According to the ‘circle of justice,’ it was important because the king needed soldiers, soldiers needed salaries, and salaries came from the revenue collected from peasants. Peasants could only pay revenue if they were prosperous and happy, which required just and fair governance.
- What is meant by the ‘internal’ and ‘external’ frontiers of the Sultanate?
Answer: The ‘internal’ frontier refers to the areas close to the capital or garrison towns, while the ‘external’ frontier refers to regions further away, beyond the Sultanate’s immediate control.
- What were the steps taken to ensure that muqtis performed their duties? Why do you think they may have wanted to defy the orders of the Sultans?
Answer: The steps taken were:
- Appointing accountants to monitor the revenue collected by the muqtis.
- Ensuring the muqtis only collected the taxes prescribed by the state.
- Setting limits on the number of soldiers the muqtis had to maintain.
- Temporarily assigning muqtis to different regions. Muqtis might have wanted to defy the Sultan because the rules were strict, and their appointments were temporary.
- What was the impact of the Mongol invasions on the Delhi Sultanate?
Answer: The Mongol invasions forced the Delhi Sultanate to create a large standing army. Alauddin Khalji built a new garrison town at Siri and imposed high taxes to support the army. Muhammad Tughluq moved the people of Delhi to Daulatabad and temporarily turned Delhi into a garrison town.
- Do you think the authors of tawarikh would provide information about the lives of ordinary men and women?
Answer: No, the authors of tawarikh mainly lived in cities like Delhi and wrote for the Sultans. They were not in touch with the common people in villages, so they rarely wrote about the lives of ordinary men and women.
- Raziyya Sultan was unique in the history of the Delhi Sultanate. Do you think women leaders are accepted more readily today?
Answer: Women leaders are still not always accepted easily today. For example, there are ongoing discussions about giving women 33% reservation in the parliament, showing that full acceptance is still a challenge.
- Why were the Delhi Sultans interested in cutting down forests? Does deforestation occur for the same reasons today?
Answer: The Delhi Sultans cut down forests to expand their kingdom and control more land. Today, deforestation happens for different reasons, such as building houses, roads, industries, and for urbanization.
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